CentOS 7 安装 Oracle 11G R2

安装参考

https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Oracle12onCentos7

12和11 安装方式一样，就是下载的文件不一样。

1. Introduction

This guide presents how to deploy Oracle Database 12c (12.1.0.2.0) on CentOS 7.1 (64-bit) using quick installation features.

Reference System:

[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl

   Static hostname: centos7.example.com

         Icon name: computer

           Chassis: n/a

        Machine ID: 583b4d69eaea465ea4bb96ac3b891e15

           Boot ID: 931ed1af622046ebbde071a87844a7d5

    Virtualization: kvm

  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7

            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-229.11.1.el7.x86_64

      Architecture: x86_64

2. Prerequisites

After a successful OS installation, verify the hostname and register it in your DNS. Alternatively add your hostname/IP to the/etc/hosts.

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/hostname

centos7.example.com

Leave the SELinux in enforcing mode as well as the firewall enabled

[root@centos7 ~]# sestatus

SELinux status:                 enabled

SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux

SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux

Loaded policy name:             targeted

Current mode:                   enforcing

Mode from config file:          enforcing

Policy MLS status:              enabled

Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed

Max kernel policy version:      28

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --state

running

Update the CentOS system with the latest packages

[root@centos7 ~]# yum update -y

Download the Oracle Database 12c for Linux x86-64 software:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

3. Installation Steps

Create required OS users and groups for Oracle Database.

[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd dba

[root@centos7 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@centos7 ~]# passwd oracle

Add the following kernel parameters to the/etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 1987162112

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

Check and apply the new values.

[root@centos7 ~]# sysctl -p

[root@centos7 ~]# sysctl -a

Specify limits for oracle user in the/etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

Extract the zipped Oracle Database Software archives (linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip, linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip) to the_/stage_folder.

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y zip unzip

[root@centos7 ~]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip -d /stage/

[root@centos7 ~]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip -d /stage/

Modify permissions on/stage

[root@centos7 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /stage/

Create/u01_directory for Oracle software and/u02_for database files.

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /u01

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /u02

[root@centos7 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@centos7 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u02

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod g+s /u01

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod g+s /u02

Install required packages:

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install -y binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 \

glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh compat-libstdc++-33 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 \

libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 \

libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 make.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

Also install the_"X Window System"_package group.

[root@centos7 ~]# yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"

Because the Oracle installation requires GUI, there are two simple ways how to provide it.

Solution 1.

Login remotely from a graphical Linux machine via SSH.

ssh -X [email protected]

Solution 2.

Use a Microsoft Windows desktop with an SSH Client (PuTTY) and an X-Windows terminal emulator (Xming).

The following article describes how to install Xming on Windows systems.

*Xming X-Windows terminal emulator for Microsoft Windows computers

Use a solution above to login as "oracle" user and run the Oracle Installer:

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ /stage/database/runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

4. Oracle Installer Screens

If you don't wish to receive emails from Oracle Support then deselect the check box and clickNext.

Another window opens click YES on it.

SelectCreate and configure a databaseand clickNext

SelectDesktop Classfor a simple default installation of the Oracle Database.

On the Typical Install Configuration screen, specify the key features.

Also specify the suitableDatabase editionas well as theCharacter set. Provide a strongpasswordfor database administration and finally deselect theCreate as Container databaseoption.

Accept the default/u01/app/oraInventoryand clickNext.

The Installer automatically verifies all required OS packages and OS kernel settings.

Final chance to edit any installation features. ClickInstall.

When a request window appears, login as root and execute two scripts:

[root@centos7 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@centos7 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
<
PRESS ENTER
>
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

You can follow the installation in a separated window.

Both scripts must run as root.

Another window opens to show you the installation progress. Do not close this window.

The last screen inform that the installation is done and displays the Oracle Enterprise Manager URL.

https://localhost:5500/em

Click OK to close the Installer.

5. Post Installation Tasks

5.1. Firewall

Login as root and verify the active zones

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-active-zones

public

  interfaces: eth0

Open the related ports

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --add-port=5500/tcp --add-port=5520/tcp --add-port=3938/tcp \ 

--permanent

success

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports

1521/tcp 3938/tcp 5500/tcp 5520/tcp

5.2. Oracle Environment

Login as oracle user and add the following values to the/home/oracle/.bash_profile

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

Reload the bash_profile to apply the new settings:

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ . .bash_profile

5.3. Login to the database

Finally login to the database:

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ sqlplus system@orcl

... output omitted ...

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL
>

Manage database with Oracle Enterprise Manager:

https://<hostname>:5500/em

注：u01表示程序安装目录,u02表示数据库文件目录

图形化方式安装

yum grouplist

yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum groupinstall Desktop

yum install xterm

yum install xclock

Xstart报错

Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors
    >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<

Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before

xstart中使用oracle用户登录,执行"runInstaller"

PS：可能是我虚拟机性能太差，也可能是XStart本身很慢，UI响应巨慢！！ 在输入路径时，建议直接从剪切板中复制

安装Oracle11g报错：
Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile
解决方法：
cd $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib
vi ins_emagent.mk
如下：

#===========================
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
　　$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

*******VICTORY LOVES PREPARATION*******

好坑，等了半小时，，一点Help发现这啥？？

Linux中没有图形化的浏览器，使用“https://192.168.0.70:1158/em” ，注意用https协议访问

设置环境变量

安装成功后，sqlplus等不在环境变量中， 请参照教程设置环境变量

启动服务

conn /as sysdba
startup
shutdown
shutdown immediate；

启动监听

修改listener配置，将里面localhost入成相应IP

$ORACLEHOME\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora

lsnrctl status

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl stop

The listener supports no services

Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/codequality_agent/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.70)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

修改listener.ora，添加以下内容，重启listner

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

)